Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-06-27 Origin: Site
Since its discovery in 2004, graphene, a revolutionary two-dimensional nanomaterial, has attracted much attention due to its excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength and optical properties. However, a major challenge facing graphene in practical applications is how to achieve its high-quality and efficient dispersion. Ultrasonic dispersion technology has become one of the most effective methods in the field of graphene dispersion due to its unique physical mechanism. This article will comprehensively introduce the working principle, system composition, technical parameters, application fields and latest research progress of ultrasonic graphene dispersion equipment.
Basic principles of ultrasonic dispersion technology
1.1 Cavitation effect of ultrasound
The core mechanism of ultrasonic graphene dispersion is the acoustic cavitation effect. When high-intensity ultrasound propagates in a liquid medium, alternating high-pressure and low-pressure cycles are generated in the liquid. During the low-pressure cycle, tiny bubbles (cavitation nuclei) in the liquid expand rapidly; while during the high-pressure cycle, these bubbles collapse violently. This rapid formation and collapse of bubbles will produce local extreme conditions:
Instantaneous high temperature (about 5000K)
High pressure (about 1000 atmospheres)
Strong shock waves (speed up to 100m/s)
Microjets (speed over 400km/h)
1.2 Mechanism of graphene dispersion
During the graphene dispersion process, the cavitation effect works in a variety of ways:
Interlayer exfoliation: Strong shock waves and microjets can overcome the van der Waals forces between graphite layers and achieve graphene exfoliation.
Aggregate fragmentation: The mechanical force generated by the collapse of cavitation bubbles can effectively break up the secondary aggregates of graphene.
Surface functionalization: Free radicals may be generated during the ultrasound process, which can react with the edges of graphene, introduce functional groups, and enhance its dispersion stability.
Uniform distribution: The strong convection and micromixing effects generated by ultrasound contribute to the uniform distribution of graphene in the solvent.
2. Main application areas
2.1 Energy storage:
Conductive additives for lithium-ion batteries
Electrode materials for supercapacitors
Catalyst carriers for fuel cells
2.2 Composite materials:
Polymer-based nanocomposites
Metal-based reinforcements
Cement/ceramic modification
2.3 Electronics:
Transparent conductive films
Printed electronic inks
Flexible electronic devices
2.4 Biomedicine:
Drug delivery systems
Biosensors
Tissue engineering scaffolds
